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Integrated First Degree

B.E.(Chemical)
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Prof. P. Sankar Ganesh

hyderabad Biological Sciences

Professor (Research Track)
Department of Biological Sciences

Anaerobic digestion, Composting, Environment and energy, Nano(eco)toxicology, Solid waste management, Technology for Pedagogy, Termigradation, Vermicomposting
Room number A119,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani
Hyderabad Campus
Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal
Dist.-Medchal-500 078
Telangana, India
sangan@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in
psg.bits@gmail.com
040-66303547
https://www.linkedin.com/in/linksangan/

 

09. A novel biochemical pathway for efficient treatment of wastewater

 

Title: A nitric oxide targeted anammox (NOTA) process for treating nitrogen-rich wastewater
Indian Patent No: 202511013529, dated 18/02/2025

Nitric Oxide Targeted Anammox (NOTA) process enables energy-efficient nitrogen removal from closed landfill leachate by lowering oxygen demand and enhancing microbial conversion pathways. This innovation overcomes key limitations of conventional anammox by promoting a novel nitric oxide-dependent route for improved sustainability and performance.

Inventors: Sankar Ganesh Palani, Hemapriya S, Anand N. 

 

08. Effective thermophilic biomethanation for treating food waste

 

Title: Enhanced biomethanation of food waste using Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Organics (TAnDoOr)
Indian Patent No: 202511005294, dated 23/01/2025

Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues (TAnDoOR) process enables high-rate bioconversion of food waste and nutrient-rich substrates under thermophilic conditions, ensuring enhanced stability, energy recovery, and digestate quality. This innovation overcomes the limitations of mesophilic digestion by facilitating efficient treatment at high organic loading rates through optimized co-digestion strategies, reduced retention time, and pathogen control supporting sustainable waste valorization and circular bioeconomy.

Inventors: Sankar Ganesh Palani, Pallavi Vadla, Hemapriya S.  

 

 


07. Effective biomethanation process for treating high organic food waste

 

Title: A High Organic Loaded Anaerobic Digestion (HOLAnD) System and Method for Bio-methanation of Food Waste
Indian Patent No: 202411072287, dated 24/09/2024

High Organic Load Anaerobic Digestion (HOLAnD®) process enables stable, high-rate treatment of solid-rich organic waste by operating at elevated organic loading rates with controlled hydrolysis and shortened retention times. This innovation surpasses conventional digestion systems by integrating solids-tolerant operation, enhanced volatile solids reduction, and streamlined processing—minimizing sludge generation, operational complexity, and capital costs while maximizing biogas yield and resource recovery.

Inventors: Sankar Ganesh Palani, Hemapriya S.  

 

 


06. SAAnA Reactor: Sandwich Aerobic-Anaerobic-Aerobic Reactor

 

Title: A Reactor System for Treating Organic Waste and a Method for the Same
Indian Patent No. 202411062676, dated 20/08/2024. 

Sandwich Aerobic-Anaerobic-Aerobic (SAAnA) reactor enables rapid, stable, and energy-efficient co-digestion of heterogeneous organic wastes through a vertically integrated three-phase treatment system. By combining aerobic and thermophilic anaerobic conditions in a sequential flow, the SAAnA reactor achieves accelerated degradation, high methane yields, and fertilizer-grade digestate in just 13 days offering a compact, low-energy, and market-aligned solution for organic waste valorization.

Inventors: Atun Roy Choudhury and Sankar Ganesh Palani.

 

 


05. Novel milk testing kit for nitrite detection

 

Title: Nitrite Testing (NiT) kit for detection of adulteration in cow milk and the process thereof
Indian Patent Application No.: 202411043404, dated 04/06/2024.

The NiT® kit is a novel, dual-purpose detection system for rapid qualitative and quantitative screening of nitrite and water adulteration in cow milk. Based on a simple colorimetric reaction, the appearance and intensity of a pink hue indicate nitrite presence and concentration, respectively. Designed for both field and laboratory use, the kit offers a cost-effective, user-friendly, and reusable platform to monitor milk quality—particularly suited for deployment in unorganized dairy sectors and resource-limited settings.

Inventors: Harsha Jagdish Bharwani and Sankar Ganesh Palani

 

 


04. Device for peroxide detection in milk

 

Title: Peroxide Testing (PeT) Kit for Adulterant Detection and Method Thereof
Indian Patent No. 202411034469, dated 30/04/2024.

The PeT® kit is an innovative enzyme-based detection platform designed for rapid, cost-effective, and reusable screening of hydrogen peroxide adulteration in cow milk. Featuring immobilized peroxidase in an 8-well strip format, the kit delivers both visual and colorimetric outputs for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Optimized for ambient temperature operation and reusable for up to 72 assays per kit, PeT® offers high sensitivity, extended shelf life, and user-friendly application making it ideal for milk quality assurance in unorganized and resource-limited sectors.

Inventors: Harsha Jagdish Bharwani and Sankar Ganesh Palani.

 

 


03. Apparatus for cow milk adulteration testing and analysis

 

Title: Milk Adulteration Testing and Analysis (MATA®) Kit, a Field Operable Adulteration Testing Kit for Cow’s Milk
Indian Patent No. 202311052491, dated 04/08/2023.

The MATA® kit is an advanced enzyme-based diagnostic strip designed for rapid, cost-effective, and reusable detection of urea adulteration in cow milk. Utilizing immobilized urease enzyme in an 8-well format, the kit delivers qualitative color change and quantitative results through colorimetric analysis. Optimized for room temperature operation and capable of analyzing up to 240 samples per kit, MATA® ensures high sensitivity, extended shelf life, and ease of use making it ideal for milk quality screening in both organized and unorganized dairy sectors.

Inventors: Harsha Jagdish Bharwani and Sankar Ganesh Palani.

 

 


02. Integrated Aerobic and Anaerobic (IAAN®) Reactor System

 

Title: A System for Enhanced Biomethanation using Integrated Aerobic and Anaerobic Reactor
Indian Patent No. 202311052489, dated 04/08/2023.

The Integrated Aerobic-Anaerobic Nutrient (IAAN®) reactor system is a novel hybrid technology designed for the effective treatment of closed landfill leachate (CLL) through a sequential aerobic-anaerobic approach. The system integrates a room-temperature SNAD (Simultaneous Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification) reactor for ammoniacal nitrogen removal and humic compound breakdown, followed by an iSTAR® thermophilic anaerobic reactor optimized for enhanced pollutant degradation and biogas generation. Featuring intelligent stirring, PID-controlled heating, and real-time cloud-based monitoring, the IAAN® system achieves high treatment efficiency, reduced toxicity, and renewable energy recovery offering a sustainable, sludge-free alternative to conventional physicochemical methods and aligning with circular economy principles.

Inventors: Sankar Ganesh Palani and Anand N.

 

 


01. Intelligently Stirred Thermophilic Anaerobic Reactor (iSTAR®)

 

Title: An anaerobic reactor for efficient biomethanation of organic waste
Indian Patent No. 202111051662, dated 11/11/2021

The Intelligently Stirred Thermophilic Anaerobic Reactor (iSTAR®) is an advanced high-rate digester designed for enhanced biogas production through efficient mixing, uniform heating, and real-time process control. Featuring dual 45° pitched-blade impellers for radial and axial flow, coupled with dual heating coils and RTD-linked PID control, the system ensures homogeneity of substrate and temperature while minimizing energy input. Integrated with a Raspberry Pi–based Continuous Remote Monitoring System (CRMS), iSTAR® offers real-time tracking of critical process parameters—preventing stratification, sustaining thermophilic conditions, and enabling optimal microbial-substrate interactions for methane-rich biogas generation.

Inventors: Sankar Ganesh Palani.

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