Here the group-activities are outlined citing one/ two sample publications as an outcome of each initiative.

Dr. Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay worked for his PhD under the joint guidance of Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. Gautam Biswas at IIT Kanpur. His work was on the development of a new algorithm for solving viscous incompressible flows in arbitrary geometry. He completed his PhD in the year 1992. The work was published as: A. Mukhopadhyay, T. Sundararajan and G. Biswas, An Explicit Transient Algorithm for Predicting Incompressible Viscous Flows in Arbitrary Geometry, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, vol. 17, pp. 975-993, (1993). https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650171105

The method was used for simulation of flows past a circular cylinder pertaining to the buoyancy-aided and buoyance opposed conditions:

S. Singh, G. Biswas, and A. Mukhopadhyay, Effect of Thermal Buoyancy on the Flow through a Vertical Channel with a built-in Circular Cylinder, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 34, pp. 769-789, (1998). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10407789808914015

Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay is a Regional Director, Technical Services, American Operations (North) at ANSYS based in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.

Dr. Prasanta Deb completed his PhD under the guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas at IIT Kanpur in the year 1994. He is among the first few in the country to successfully deploy two-equations turbulence model in a complex three-dimensional flow involving longitudinal vortex generators: P. Deb, G. Biswas and N.K. Mitra, Heat Transfer and Flow Structure in Laminar and Turbulent Flows in a Rectangular Channel with Longitudinal Vortices, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 38, pp. 2427-2444, (1995). https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(94)00357-2

Dr. P. K. Maji developed a finite element programming paradigm using SUPG based formulation. He analyzed complex three-dimensional flows in the Spiral Casing of a Hydraulic Turbine. He completed his PhD in 1997. The investigation was sponsored by the Hydraulics Machines Division of BHEL. The formulation often works as a ready reference on finite element-based formulation in fluids: P.K. Maji and G. Biswas, Analysis of Flow in the Spiral Casing Using a Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin Method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Vol. 45, pp. 147-174, (1999). He completed his PhD in 1997.

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19990520)45:2<147::AID-NME581>3.0.CO;2-G

Dr. A. K. Saha investigated numerically as well as experimentally the dynamical characteristics of the wake zone of a bluff body (square cylinder) at various Reynolds numbers under the joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. K. Muralidhar. Dr. Saha identified a novel flow structure (Vortex Dislocation) for the flows past square cylinders: A. K. Saha, G. Biswas, and K. Muralidhar, Three-dimensional Study of Flow Past a Square Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers, Int. J. Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 24, pp. 54-66, (2003). He completed his PhD in the year 1999.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142727X02002084

Dr. P. Sandilya investigated Gas-Phase Mass Transfer in a Centrifugal Contractor. Dr. Sandilya was at the Chemical Engineering Department of Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and completed his PhD under joint guidance of Prof. DP. Rao, Prof. Ashutosh Sharma and Prof. Gautam Biswas in 1999:

P. Sandilya, G. Biswas, D.P. Rao and A. Sharma, Numerical Simulation of the Gas Flow and Mass Transfer between Two Coaxially Rotating Disks, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 39, pp. 285-305, (2001).

https://doi.org/10.1080/104077801300006599

Dr. R. Vasudevan completed PhD under the joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. V. Eswaran in 2000. His investigation is related to enhancement of heat transfer in Plate-Fin heat exchangers using longitudinal vortex generators: R. Vasudevan, V. Eswaran, and G. Biswas, Winglet Type Vortex Generators for Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers Using Triangular Fins, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, Vol. 38, pp. 533-555, (2000). https://doi.org/10.1080/104077800750020423

Dr. Shaligram Tiwari investigated various applications of vortex generators (VG) and the tubes of different shapes to enhance the performance of Fin-tube heat exchangers. He completed his PhD in 2004.  S. Tiwari, D. Maurya, G. Biswas and V. Eswaran, Heat Transfer Enhancement in Crossflow Heat Exchangers using Oval Tubes and Multiple Delta Winglets, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 46, pp. 2841-2856, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00047-4

Dr. K Arul Prakash completed his PhD under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. B.V. Rathish Kumar in 2006. He worked on Finite Element Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Spallation Target Module of an Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System.

K. Arul Prakash, G. Biswas and B.V. Rathish Kumar, Thermal Hydraulics of the Spallation Target Module of an Accelerator Driven Sub-Critical System: A Numerical Study, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, pp. 4633-4652, (2006).

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.04.018

Dr. Gaurav Tomar completed his dissertation in 2008 under the joint guidance Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Ashutosh Sharma. His analyses include interfacial instabilities in adhesion, dewetting and phase change:

G. Tomar, G. Biswas, A. Sharma and S.W.J. Welch, Multi-mode Analysis of Bubble Growth in Saturated Film Boiling, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 20, 092101-1 -092101-7, (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2976764

G. Tomar, D. Gerlach, G. Biswas, N. Alleborn, A. Sharma, F. Durst S. W. J. Welch, and A. Delgado, Two-phase Electrohydrodynamic Simulations Using a Volume-of-Fluid Approach, Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 227, pp 1267-1285, (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.003

Dr.-Ing. Daniel Gerlach received his doctoral degree from Der Technischen Fakultaet der Universitaet Erlangen Nurernberg, Erlangen-91058, Germany, in 2008. The title of his thesis is “Analyse von kapillar-dominanten Zweiphasenstroemungen mit einer kombinierten Volume-of-Fluid und Level-Set Methode.“ The thesis was jointly guided (Berichterstatter) by Prof. Dr. Franz Durst and Prof. Gautam Biswas. The most imporatnt publication from this work is:

D. Gerlach, G. Tomar, G. Biswas, and F. Durst, Comparison of Volume-of-Fluid Methods for Computing Surface Tension-Dominant Two-Phase Flows, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 49, pp. 740-754, (2006).

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931005005314

Dr. Amaresh Dalal developed a novel Finite Volume based solver for solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using unstructured grids. He applied the algorithm to analyze complex transport mechanisms in heat exchangers. Dr. Amaresh Dalal completed his PhD at IIT Kanpur in 2009 under the joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Vinayak Eswaran.

A. Dalal, V. Eswaran and G. Biswas, A Finite Volume Method for Navier-Stokes Equations on Unstructured Meshes, Numerical Heat Transfer Part B, Vol. 54, pp. 238-259, (2008).

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10407790802182653

Dr. Subhankar Sen analyzed complex flows past stationary and vibrating cylinders of various cross-sections at low Reynolds numbers. Dr. Sen completed his PhD in 2010 at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur under the joint guidance of Prof. Sanjay Mittal and Prof. Gautam Biswas.: S. Sen, S. Mittal and G. Biswas, Steady Separated Flow Past a Circular Cylinder at Low Reynolds Numbers, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 620, pp. 89-119, (2009).  https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112008004904

Dr. Indrajit Chakraborty completed his PhD in the year 2012 under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Partha S Ghoshdastidar. He worked on Bubble Formation and Dynamics of Rising Bubbles in Quiescent and Co-flowing Liquids from Submerged Orifices.

I. Chakraborty, G. Biswas and P.S. Ghoshdastidar, A coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method for the buoyant rise of gas bubbles in liquids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 58, pp. 240–259, (2013). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.11.027

Dr. Bahni Ray completed her PhD in the year 2012 under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Ashutosh Sharma. She worked on Free Surface Flows in Drop Impact and Microchannel Electrokinetics. B. Ray, G. Biswas and A. Sharma, Generation of secondary droplets in coalescence of a drop at a liquid/ liquid interface, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 655, pp. 72-104, (2010). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112010000662

B. Ray, G. Biswas and A. Sharma, Regimes during liquid drop impact on a liquid pool, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 768, pp. 492-523, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.108

Dr. Pankaj Saha carried out analysis of flow and heat transfer in a channel with periodically placed built-in vortex generators in laminar and turbulent regimes. He worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Subrata Sarkar and completed his PhD in 2013. P. Saha and G. Biswas, Assessment of a Shear-Improved Subgrid Stress Closure for Turbulent Channel Flows, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 53, 4856–4863, 2010).https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2010.06.013

P. Saha, G. Biswas, A.C. Mandal and S. Sarkar, Investigation of coherent structures in a turbulent channel with built-in longitudinal vortex generators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 104, pp. 178-198, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.07.105

Dr. Abhiram Hens received his doctoral degree from Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi in the year 2016. He worked on “A Study on Phase Change and Instabilities using Continuum and Molecular Dynamics Simulations”.

A. Hens, G. Biswas and S. De, Analysis of interfacial instability and multimode bubble formation in saturated pool boiling using Coupled Level Set and Volume- of- Fluid approach, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, pp. 012105-1 – 012105-14, (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861760

A. Hens, G. Biswas and S. De, Evaporation of water droplets on Pt-surface in presence of external electric field – A molecular dynamics study, The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 143, 094702-1 – 094702-11, (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4929784

Dr. Anupam Sinha received his doctoral degree from Jadavpur University, Kolkata in the year 2016. He worked under joint guidance of Prof. Himadri Chattopadhyay and Prof. Gautam Biswas.

A. Sinha, H. Chattopadhyay, A. K. Iyengar, G. Biswas, Enhancement of heat transfer in a fin-tube heat exchanger using rectangular winglet type vortex generators, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 101, pp. 667–681, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.032

G. Biswas, H. Chattopadhyay and A. Sinha, Augmentation of Heat Transfer by Creation of Streamwise Longitudinal Vortices using Vortex Generators, Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 33, pp. 406–424, (2012). https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2012.614150

Dr. Ravi Kumar Arun received his doctoral degree from Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi in the year 2017. He worked under joint guidance of Prof. Nripen Chanda, Prof. Suman Chakraborty and Prof. Gautam Biswas. The topic of his dissertation was: Paper based Microfluidics for Enhanced Mixing and Energy Conversion.

R.K. Arun, P. Singh, G. Biswas, N. Chanda and S. Chakraborty, Energy generation from water flow over a reduced graphene oxide surface in a paper–pencil device, Lab-on-a-Chip, Vol. 16, pp. 3589-3596, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6LC00820H

Dr. Vinod Pandey received his doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in 2018. Dr. Pandey worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Amaresh Dalal. The topic of his dissertation was Dynamics of vapor bubbles and associated heat transfer in various regimes of boiling. V. Pandey, G. Biswas, and A. Dalal, Saturated film boiling at various gravity levels under the influence of electrohydrodynamic forces, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 29, pp. 032104-1- 032104-13, (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4978056

V. Pandey, G. Biswas, and A. Dalal, Effect of superheat and electric field on saturated film boiling, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 28, 052102-1- 052102-18, (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4948545

Dr. Hiranya Deka received his doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in 2018. Dr. Pandey worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Amaresh Dalal. The topic of his thesis was Analysis of Free Surface Flows in Formation, Coalescence and Impact of Drops on Liquid Surfaces. H. Deka, G. Biswas, K. C. Sahu, Y. Kulkarni, A. Dalal, Coalescence dynamics of a compound drop on a deep liquid pool, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, (JFM Rapids), Vol. 866, pp. R2-1 –R2-11, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.137

H. Deka, G. Biswas, S. Chakraborty, and A. Dalal, Coalescence dynamics of unequal sized drops, Physics of Fluids, Vol 31, pp. 012105-1--012105-17, (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5064516

Dr. Manash PratimM Borthakur, received his doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in 2019. Dr. Pandey worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Dipankar Bandyopadhyay. The topic of his thesis was Dynamics of two immiscible and miscible fluids in two component flows. M. P. Borthakur, G. Biswas and D. Bandyopadhyay, Dynamics of drop formation from submerged orifices under the influence of electric field, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 30, pp. 122104-1—122104-11, (2018) https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5063913

M. P. Borthakur, G. Biswas, and D. Bandyopadhyay, Formation of liquid drops at an orifice and dynamics of pinch-off in liquid jets, Physical Review E, Vol. 96, pp. 013115-1-013115-11, (2017).

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.013115

Dr. Binita Nath received her doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in 2019. Dr. Nath worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Amaresh Dalal. The topic of her thesis was Migration of liquid drops through narrow passages and flow dynamics of cancer cells through constricted microchannel.

B. Nath, A. Raza, V. Sethi, A. Dalal, S. S. Ghosh and G. Biswas, Understanding flow dynamics, viability and metastatic potency of cervical cancer (HeLa) cells through constricted microchannel, Scientific Reports, Vol. 8, pp. 17357-1 – 17357-10, (2018)

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-35646-3

B. Nath, G. Biswas, A. Dalal and K. C. Sahu, Migration of a droplet in a cylindrical tube in the creeping flow regime, Physical Review E, Vol. 95, pp. 033110-1—033110-11, (2017)

https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.95.033110

Dr. Rameshwara Srinivas Gorthi received his doctoral degree from Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati in 2020. Dr. Gorthi worked under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Pranab Kumar Mondal. The topic of his thesis was Dynamics and Control of Capillary Filling in Microfluidic Channels. S. R. Gorthi, P. K. Mondal, and G. Biswas, Magnetic-field-driven alteration in capillary filling dynamics in a narrow fluidic channel, Physical Review E, Vol. 96, pp. 013113-1—013113-14, (2017). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.96.013113

S. R. Gorthi, S. K. Meher, G. Biswas, P. K. Mondal, Capillary imbibition of non-Newtonian fluids in a microfluidic channel: analysis and experiments, Proc. R. Soc. A, Vol. 476, pp. 20200496-1 – 20200496-14, (2020).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0496

Dr. Ashwani Kumar Pal completed his PhD in the year 2025 under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Santanu De at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He worked on Dynamics of colliding drops with and without evaporation: migration, deformation and other interactions.

A. K. Pal, S. Zaleski, G. Biswas, Oblique collision of two evaporating drops, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 36, pp. 102105-1–102105-14, (2024).

https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231242

A. K. Pal, K. C. Sahu, G. Biswas, Modeling binary collision of evaporating drops, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 221, 125048-1-125048-10, (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.125048

Dr. Ranjan Kushwaha completed his PhD in the year 2025 under joint guidance of Prof. Gautam Biswas and Prof. Subrata Sarkar at the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur. He worked on the Analysis of Turbulent Flow and Boundary Layer Transition Over Longitudinal Ribs. R. Kushwaha, S. Sarkar, G. Biswas, Near-wall flow characteristics around longitudinal ribs in fully developed turbulent channel flows, Physics of Fluids, Vol. 37, pp. 015106-1–015106-20, (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0244920

R. Kushwaha, S. Sarkar, P. Saha, G. Biswas, Analysis of coherent structures in plane and ribbed channel flows: insights from proper orthogonal decomposition, Proceedings of Royal Society A, Vol. 481, pp. 20240880-1 – 20240880-25, (2025). https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2024.0880

The collaborations with Prof. Himadri Chattopadhyay (Jadavpur University), Prof. Sandip Sarkar (Jadavpur University), Prof. Somnath Roy (IIT Kharagpur), Prof. Santanu De (IIT Kanpur), Prof. Partha P Mukherjee (Purdue University), Dr. Sudipta De (GE, India) and Dr. Vivek Prabhakar (JP Morgan Chase) for various projects are noteworthy.

Some new collaborative investigations are being carried out together with Prof. Manas Ranjan Behera (BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus), Prof. Siddhartha Tripathi (BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus), Prof. Anasua Ganguly (BITS-Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus) and Prof. Ashis Kumar Sen (IIT Madras).

There are ongoing collaborations with Prof. Kirti Chandra Sahu (IIT Hyderabad)), Prof. Pranab Kumar Mondal (IIT Guwahati), Prof. Dipankar Bandyopadhyay (IIT Guwahati), Prof. Amaresh Dalal (IIT Guwahati) Prof. Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh (IIT Guwahati), Prof. Rajaram Lakkaraju (IIT Kharagpur), Prof. Suman Chakraborty (IIT Kharagpur), Dr. Abhishek Kundu (MNNIT Allahabad), Prof. Gaurav Tomar (IISc, Bangalore) Prof. Prosenjit Sen (IISc Bangalore), Dr. Nripen Chanda (CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur), Dr. Satya Prakash Singh (CSIR-CMERI, Durgapur), Dr. Abhiram Hens (NIT Durgapur), and Dr. Ravi Kumar Arun (IIT Jammu).

The collaborative efforts with Prof. Franz Durst (Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg), Prof. Vijay K Dhir (University of California Los Angeles), Prof. Stephane Zaleski (Sorbonne University), Prof. Sakir Amiroudine (University of Bordeaux), Prof. S.W.J. Welch (University of Colorado), Prof. An- Bang Wang (National Taiwan University), Prof. Chin-Tsan Wang (National ILAN University), Prof. Raj Chhabra (IIT Kanpur), Prof. T. Sundararajan (IIT Madras), Prof. V. Eswaran (IIT Hyderabad), Prof. P.K. Panigrahi (IIT Kanpur), Prof. S. Sarkar (IIT Kanpur), Prof. BV Rathish Kumar (IIT Kanpur), Prof. Jayant K Singh (IIT Kanpur), Prof. Bushra Ateeq (IIT Kanpur) and Prof. Ashutosh Sharma (IIT Kanpur) are worth mentioning.